How Climate Change Is Threatening the Coffee varieties

The climate change is one of the most serious challenges for the coffee industry and particularly for some of its most prized varieties.

Global warming, drought, erratic rainfall and rising temperatures are altering the optimal conditions for coffee cultivation, with devastating effects on some of the world's major coffee-growing regions.

Impact on growing regions

Some of the regions that traditionally produce the best coffee in the world, such as Ethiopia and Brazil, are particularly vulnerable to climate change.

As a result of rising temperatures, coffee growing areas are being moved to higher altitudes where the climate is still relatively cool.

However, not all regions have enough high-altitude land, which threatens the production of quality coffee.

in Ethiopia, the cradle of arabica coffee, It is predicted that by 2050, 60% of current arable land could become unsuitable for coffee cultivation. This also applies to Brazil, one of the world's leading exporters of coffee,

Endangered varieties

Some of the most popular and valuable varieties, such as Arabica, are particularly sensitive to climate change.

Arabica grows best in cool climates and at a certain altitude, but as temperatures rise, these climatic conditions are becoming increasingly rare.

Robusta, on the other hand, is more resistant to heat and disease. However, it does not offer the same sensory qualities as Arabica.

To meet this challenge, farmers are experimenting with hybridising new varieties of coffee.

One example is Arabusta, a cross between Arabica and Robusta, which promises greater resistance to high temperatures and disease, while maintaining a remarkable flavour profile.

However, the development and large-scale implementation of these solutions will be a lengthy process.

Diseases and parasites: a growing threat

Climate change not only alters growing conditions, but also exacerbates the problem of diseases and parasites affecting coffee plants.

Coffee rust is one of the worst enemies of coffee growers.

This fungus, which spreads more easily in hot and humid climates, has devastated entire plantations in Latin America, drastically reducing production and causing severe economic losses.

Insects such as the coffee beetle, which thrives in warmer conditions, are also proliferating. This further threatens crops.

Farmers face a double threat: adverse weather conditions and increased pest infestation.

Adaptation and innovation as possible solutions

Many regions are investing in more resilient farming practices to counter the effects of climate change.

Some growers are moving their plantations to cooler, higher areas. Others use shading techniques to keep temperatures lower and protect plants from direct sunlight.

Scientific research is crucial to find new solutions. Coffee research institutes around the world are working on the development of coffee varieties that will be more resistant to climate, heat and disease. In addition, improved water and soil management techniques could provide sustainable solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change.

Conclusion

Climate change is an existential challenge for the coffee industry, but also an opportunity to innovate and find new sustainable solutions.

While the most valuable varieties are at risk, the global commitment to protect this essential crop is stronger than ever.

By supporting resilient growing practices and making informed choices as consumers, we can help safeguard the future of coffee and ensure that this beloved beverage remains a part of our lives for decades to come.